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  TBL includes three basic stages ： the Pre-task ，  the Task cycle and the Language focus. But PPP and TBL give the clear context to learners. I consider that PPP is extremely effective in a focus-on-form lesson ， especially at lower levels. But I add that PPP becomes less useful when the learner has already known a lot of language ，  and therefore may not meet the needs of the learner.   The TBL however impacts teachers and learners in different ways. It is not easy for teachers to choose a task that is appropriate to the level of learners and based on learners ’  needs. Comparing PPP and TBL 1. The report allows is free exchange of ideas, summarizing learners achievement. 2. In all three components langage is used for a genuine porpose- three outcome to achive the task and purpose of drafting 3. rehearsal and practice at the planning stage is to help learners adjust their language for the report stage. 4.The planning stage encourage learners to consider a...

Similarities and differences from experts about learners’ description   “A change in human disposition or capability that persists over a period of time and is not simply ascribable to processes of growth.” — From The Conditions of Learning by Robert Gagne “Learning is the relatively permanent change in a person’s knowledge or behavior due to experience. This definition has three components: 1) the duration of the change is long-term rather than short-term; 2) the locus of the change is the content and structure of knowledge in memory or the behavior of the learner; 3) the cause of the change is the learner’s experience in the environment rather than fatigue, motivation, drugs, physical condition or physiologic intervention.” –From Learning in Encyclopedia of Educational Research, Richard E. Mayer   “We define learning as the transformative process of taking in information that—when internalized and mixed wi...

  Language acquisition  is the process by which humans acquire the capacity to perceive and comprehend  language  (in other words, gain the ability to be aware of language and to understand it), as well as to produce and use  words  and  sentences  to communicate. Language acquisition involves structures, rules and representation. The capacity to successfully use language requires one to acquire a range of tools including  phonology ,  morphology ,  syntax ,  semantics , and an extensive  vocabulary . Language can be vocalized as in speech, or manual as in  sign . Human language capacity is represented in the brain. Even though human language capacity is finite, one can say and understand an infinite number of sentences, which is based on a syntactic principle called  recursion . Evidence suggests that every individual has three recursive mechanisms that allow sentences to go indeterminately. These three me...